# Into four dimensions¶

Download the 4D image file ds114_sub009_t2r1.nii to your working directory.

Start at the IPython console. We recommend you begin your IPython console session with these standard lines:

# Compatibility with Python 3
from __future__ import print_function, division

# Interactive graphs for matplotlib at the IPython prompt
%matplotlib

# Standard imports of libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


ds114_sub009_t2r1.nii is a four-dimensional (X, Y, Z, t) BOLD image.

Import the nibabel module, and load the image with nibabel to create an image object.

# Load image object using nibabel


In the usual way get the array data from this image. What is the image shape?

# Get image array data from image object


Select the 1st volume (time index 0) from 4D image data array, by slicing over the last dimension. What shape is it?

# Get the 1st volume and show shape


Use matplotlib to show the central slice over the third dimension:

# Matplotlib display of the center slice, slicing over the 3rd dimension


Get the standard deviation across all voxels in the 3D volume (the first volume):

# Standard deviation across all voxels for 1st volume


Now get the second 3D volume in the 4D time series.

Plot the center slice (slicing over the third dimension). Show the standard deviation.

# Get the second 3D volume.
# Show the central slice (over the 3rd dimension).
# Get the standard deviation across all voxels


Do the same for the third volume in the 4D time series:

# Get the second 3D volume.
# Show the central slice (over the 3rd dimension).
# Get the standard deviation across all voxels


Loop over all volumes in the 4D image and store the standard deviation for each volume in a list. Plot these standard deviation values to see if there are any volumes with particularly unusual standard deviation.

# Get standard deviation for each volume; then plot the values